Abstraction Health

Selenium — Expert Claims

Extracted from publicly available podcast transcripts and videos. Each claim is attributed and sourced.

Expert Consensus

Universal consensusResearch agrees
2/5
Experts mention
2
Recommend
2
Flag caution
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick Recommends Caution
Research agrees68 claims50–200micrograms or 50 to 200micrograms or 1 to 2brazil nutsselenomethioninefood
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman Recommends Caution
Pending review18 claimsmultivitamin

Dose divergence: Experts recommend different amounts (50–200micrograms, 50 to 200micrograms, 1 to 2brazil nuts). Check the Stack & Timing tab for study-backed dosing ranges.

Claims are extracted using AI (Claude) from publicly available transcripts, each attributed to its source with an extraction-confidence rating (high / medium / low) so it can be verified, then compared against PubMed research. See how our data is made.

Experts in this data:Mark HymanRhonda Patrick

86 expert mentions

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form.

Extracted claim

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium for supplementation.

selenomethionine📍 Recommended as the preferred supplemental form due to superior bioavailability
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 published studies provided directly compare the bioavailability of selenomethionine against other selenium forms (e.g., selenite, selenate, selenium-enriched yeast) in humans. The selen…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

50–200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 listed studies provide extractable key findings, populations, or limitations data, making it impossible to directly evaluate the specific dosage range of 50–200 mcg/day claimed by Rhond…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

50–200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The provided research abstracts contain no extractable key findings, populations, or limitations, making it impossible to directly evaluate the safety claim of 50–200 mcg/day selenium supplementation…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

before supplementing📍 Recommended due to narrow therapeutic window of selenium
Partially supportedHigh confidence

The research corpus broadly supports the concept of a narrow therapeutic window for selenium, with multiple studies (including the SELECT RCT, PMID 21990298, which found a statistically significant in…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form.

Extracted claim

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium for supplementation.

selenomethionine📍 Recommended as the preferred supplemental form due to superior bioavailability
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly compare selenomethionine bioavailability against other selenium forms (e.g., sodium selenite, selenium-enriched yeast, methylselenocysteine). The studies liste…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form.

Extracted claim

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium for supplementation.

selenomethionine📍 Recommended as the preferred supplemental form due to superior bioavailability
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly compare selenomethionine to other selenium forms (e.g., selenite, selenate, selenium yeast) in terms of bioavailability. The studies listed focus on clinical o…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form.

Extracted claim

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium for supplementation.

selenomethionine📍 Recommended as the preferred supplemental form due to superior bioavailability
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly compare the bioavailability of selenomethionine against other selenium forms (e.g., sodium selenite, selenocysteine, Se-enriched yeast) in human subjects. The…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Direct recommendation

I think a multivitamin is a really good insurance because you know there's so selenium Boron Boron yeah there's you know the the B vitamins you know you're getting there's vitamin A there's so many different micronutrients and it really covers a lot of the bases

Extracted claim

A high-quality multivitamin is recommended partly because it contains selenium along with many other micronutrients, helping to cover common nutrient gaps.

multivitamin📍 selenium is cited as one of many micronutrients covered by a high-quality multivitamin
Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

50–200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 published studies provided contain extractable key findings, populations, or limitations data, making it impossible to directly evaluate the claim that 50–200 mcg/day of selenium is a s…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form.

Extracted claim

Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium for supplementation.

selenomethionine📍 Recommended as the preferred supplemental form due to superior bioavailability
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly compare the bioavailability of selenomethionine against other selenium forms (e.g., sodium selenite, selenium yeast, selenocysteine). The studies address selen…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

50–200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe
Partially supportedHigh confidence

The research literature broadly supports selenium supplementation in the 50–200 mcg/day range as a commonly used and generally tolerated dose. For example, the Graves' orbitopathy RCT (PMID: 38374579)…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Direct recommendation

I think a multivitamin is a really good insurance because you know there's so selenium Boron Boron yeah there's you know the the B vitamins you know you're getting there's vitamin A there's so many different micronutrients and it really covers a lot of the bases

Extracted claim

A high-quality multivitamin is recommended partly because it contains selenium along with many other micronutrients, helping to cover common nutrient gaps.

multivitamin📍 selenium is cited as one of many micronutrients covered by a high-quality multivitamin
Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

50–200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies contain extractable key findings, populations, or limitations data, making it impossible to directly evaluate the claim that 50–200 mcg/day of selenium is safe. While t…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day appears safe.

Extracted claim

For supplementation, 50 to 200 micrograms per day of selenium appears safe.

50 to 200 microgramsper day📍 General supplementation range described as appearing safe.
Partially supportedHigh confidence

Several studies in the evidence base use selenium doses within the 50–200 µg/day range without reporting significant safety concerns. For example, the Graves' orbitopathy RCT (PMID: 38374579) used 200…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Direct recommendation

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or red blood cell selenium levels before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

before supplementing📍 Recommended as a precaution due to the narrow therapeutic window of selenium.
Partially supportedHigh confidence

The research literature consistently acknowledges selenium's narrow therapeutic window and potential for toxicity at higher doses. The selenium nanoparticles review (PMID: 27356860) explicitly notes s…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Extracted claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies address the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial or selenium supplementation for prostate cancer incidence. The retrieved literature covers selenium in contexts…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, with just one or two per day able to meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary selenium source, soil-dependent selenium variability, or the adequacy of 1-2 Brazil nuts per day for meeting selenium requirem…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations. This inverted-U dose-response relationship is important.

Extracted claim

Selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations, reflecting an inverted-U dose-response relationship.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies include key findings, populations, or limitations data, making it impossible to directly evaluate the expert's claim about selenium's inverted-U dose-response relations…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The expert's claim touches on four domains—thyroid dysfunction, immune response, male fertility, and cancer risk—and the retrieved literature includes studies relevant to each. The meta-analysis on Gr…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, with just one or two per day able to meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary source of selenium, soil-dependent selenium variability, or food-based selenium intake reliability. The studies focus on selen…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The provided studies are topically relevant to selenium's role in thyroid function (PMIDs 33650299, 37513551, 39138905), immune response (PMID 35983607), male fertility (PMIDs 40431450, 30462179), and…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Keshan disease — a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil — is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Extracted claim

Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil, is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Keshan disease, selenium-deficient soil in China, or the epidemiological evidence linking selenium deficiency to endemic cardiomyopathy. The studies fo…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, with just one or two per day able to meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address the claim about Brazil nuts as a dietary source of selenium, soil-dependent selenium variability, or food-based intake reliability. The retrieved liter…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Extracted claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies correspond to the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial or its findings on selenium and prostate cancer incidence. The closest relevant study in the list is the…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The published research list includes PMID 21990298, which corresponds to the SELECT trial (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) — the exact study referenced in the expert's claim. However,…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Extracted claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided PubMed studies correspond to the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial, which is the specific study cited in Dr. Patrick's claim. The retrieved literature covers seleniu…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations. This inverted-U dose-response relationship is important.

Extracted claim

Selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations, reflecting an inverted-U dose-response relationship.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies include key findings, populations, or limitations data, making it impossible to directly assess the claim against the available evidence. While the SELECT trial (PMID:…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations. This inverted-U dose-response relationship is important.

Extracted claim

Selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations, reflecting an inverted-U dose-response relationship.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies include key findings, populations, or limitations in their metadata, making it impossible to directly evaluate the inverted-U dose-response claim from this literature s…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The provided research list includes PMID 21990298, which corresponds to the SELECT trial publication on vitamin E and prostate cancer risk — the very trial referenced in the expert's claim. However, t…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

PMID 21990298 is the SELECT trial RCT included in the literature, which directly evaluated selenium and vitamin E supplementation. The study found no reduction in prostate cancer risk with selenium an…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Keshan disease — a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil — is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Extracted claim

Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil, is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 studies in the provided literature list directly address Keshan disease or its association with selenium-deficient soil in China. While several studies (e.g., PMID 35983607 on selenium…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The provided literature offers partial but not comprehensive direct support for each component of the claim. Thyroid dysfunction is well-supported: multiple RCTs and meta-analyses (PMIDs 38374579, 391…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations. This inverted-U dose-response relationship is important.

Extracted claim

Selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations, reflecting an inverted-U dose-response relationship.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

Multiple studies in the provided literature touch on the complexity of selenium's dose-response relationship. The glycemic control meta-analysis (PMID: 37574154) and the diabetes review (PMID: 3788047…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, with just one or two per day able to meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 published studies in the provided list directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary selenium source, selenium content variability in Brazil nuts due to soil composition, or the adequacy of…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The published research provided includes PMID 21990298, which corresponds to the SELECT trial on Vitamin E and prostate cancer risk, and is directly relevant to the expert's claim. However, no key fin…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Keshan disease — a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil — is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Extracted claim

Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil, is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided PubMed studies address Keshan disease, selenium-deficient soil in China, or endemic cardiomyopathy caused by selenium deficiency. The retrieved literature focuses on selenium s…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Evidence-backed claim

widespread deficient you know Iron zinc selenium a lot of things that iodine I mean it just I see this all the time in our testing my function health and I'm like kind of shocked

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is widespread in the population and is frequently underdiagnosed, as observed through micronutrient testing in a cohort of 110,000 people.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Extracted claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided PubMed studies address the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial or prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation. The retrieved literature focuses on unrelate…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The expert's claim spans four distinct health domains (thyroid dysfunction, immune response, male fertility, and cancer risk), and the retrieved literature touches on some of these areas but provides…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations. This inverted-U dose-response relationship is important.

Extracted claim

Selenium is protective in selenium-deficient populations but not helpful — and potentially harmful — in selenium-replete populations, reflecting an inverted-U dose-response relationship.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies contain extractable key findings, populations, or limitations data that directly address the inverted-U dose-response relationship between selenium status and health ou…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Extracted claim

The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial showed a 50% reduction in prostate cancer incidence with selenium supplementation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 published research abstracts provided reference the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial or its specific findings on prostate cancer incidence. The only selenium and prostate ca…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

PMID 21990298 directly corresponds to the SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) and confirms that selenium supplementation showed no reduction in prostate cancer risk, supporting the…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction, impaired immune response, reduced male fertility, and increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The claim spans four distinct health domains (thyroid dysfunction, immune response, male fertility, cancer risk), and the retrieved literature includes studies relevant to several of these areas — inc…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, with just one or two per day able to meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary selenium source, soil-dependent selenium variability, or food-based selenium intake reliability. The studies focus on selenium…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Evidence-backed claim

widespread deficient you know Iron zinc selenium a lot of things that iodine I mean it just I see this all the time in our testing my function health and I'm like kind of shocked

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency is widespread in the population and is frequently underdiagnosed, as observed through micronutrient testing in a cohort of 110,000 people.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

the subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit and a possible harm at higher doses.

Extracted claim

The subsequent large SELECT trial found no benefit from selenium supplementation and a possible harm at higher doses.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies address the SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) or its findings on selenium supplementation and cancer prevention. The provided literature focuses o…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Keshan disease — a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil — is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Extracted claim

Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil, is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Keshan disease or selenium deficiency cardiomyopathy. The retrieved literature focuses on selenium supplementation in contexts such as prostate cancer…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Evidence-backed claim

Keshan disease — a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil — is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Extracted claim

Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy endemic to parts of China with selenium-poor soil, is one of the clearest examples of a deficiency disease caused by a trace mineral.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address Keshan disease or selenium deficiency cardiomyopathy. The research provided focuses on selenium supplementation in contexts such as prostate cancer (SE…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a well-established biochemical mechanism describing selenium's role in deiodinase enzymes for T4-to-T3 conversion. However, none of the provided studies directly address or test…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes a well-established biochemical mechanism — that selenoprotein deiodinase enzymes catalyze the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the active triiodothyronine (T3). However, no…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

The most important selenoproteins include the glutathione peroxidase family — which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione — and thioredoxin reductase, which is central to cellular redox regulation.

Extracted claim

The glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase is central to cellular redox regulation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes well-established biochemical mechanisms — glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase's rol…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a well-established biochemical/mechanistic statement about selenium's incorporation as selenocysteine (the 21st amino acid) and its roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you also need a lot of nutrients to metabolize your toxins things like folate zinc selenium magnesium manganes you need all the methylating B vitamins...these are all co-actors that basically power all those detox enzymes that are processing all the toxins

Extracted claim

Selenium is a nutrient needed as a co-factor to power detox enzymes that process toxins in the body.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

there's some other examples like selenium that bru has published and showed there are proteins that have a stronger binding to vitamin K1 that are important for coagulation so these are proteins in the liver um versus for example other proteins that stay in circulation and are activating proteins that are important for calcium signaling and trafficking

Extracted claim

There are selenium-dependent proteins that show differential binding affinity, with some having stronger binding to certain nutrients (like vitamin K1) for acute essential functions such as coagulation, versus other proteins important for calcium signaling.

Not yet assessedLow confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you need a lot of other minerals and vitamins with magnesium to make them work like B6 vitamin D selenium uh so you need those all to kind of work together as a team

Extracted claim

Selenium is one of several nutrients needed alongside magnesium for them to work properly together.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you want to talk about a pandemic selenium selenium thyine um um and and you know to to help this this this outer ring deize in in the liver which is where two-thirds of it comes from and the balances in the gut and a little bit in the periphery but the point is that a nutrient deficiency can lead to a hormone deficiency that gets diagnosed as a as organ

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency may be pandemic and selenium is needed to support the conversion (deiodination) of thyroid hormones, primarily in the liver, which can otherwise lead to a nutrient deficiency being diagnosed as a hormone or organ deficiency.

Not yet assessedMedium confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

The most important selenoproteins include the glutathione peroxidase family — which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione — and thioredoxin reductase, which is central to cellular redox regulation.

Extracted claim

The glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase is central to cellular redox regulation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes well-established biochemical mechanisms — glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family selenoproteins reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via glutathione, and thior…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a mechanistic/biochemical statement about selenium's incorporation as selenocysteine (the 21st amino acid) and its roles in selenoproteins governing antioxidant defense, thyroid…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

The most important selenoproteins include the glutathione peroxidase family — which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione — and thioredoxin reductase, which is central to cellular redox regulation.

Extracted claim

The glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase is central to cellular redox regulation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes well-established biochemical mechanisms — glutathione peroxidase (GPx) selenoproteins reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via glutathione, and thioredoxin…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a well-established mechanistic fact in biochemistry — selenium-containing deiodinase enzymes (selenoproteins) catalyze the conversion of T4 to active T3 — but none of the 10 prov…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a mechanistic description of selenium's biochemistry — specifically that it is incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine (the 21st amino acid) and is essential for selenoprote…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you also need a lot of nutrients to metabolize your toxins things like folate zinc selenium magnesium manganes you need all the methylating B vitamins...these are all co-actors that basically power all those detox enzymes that are processing all the toxins

Extracted claim

Selenium is a nutrient needed as a co-factor to power detox enzymes that process toxins in the body.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

The most important selenoproteins include the glutathione peroxidase family — which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione — and thioredoxin reductase, which is central to cellular redox regulation.

Extracted claim

The glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase is central to cellular redox regulation.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes well-established biochemical mechanisms — glutathione peroxidase (GPx) selenoproteins reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via glutathione, and thioredoxin…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes a well-established mechanistic pathway — that selenoprotein deiodinase enzymes catalyze the conversion of T4 to active T3 — which is foundational biochemistry documented i…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

The expert's claim is a mechanistic/biochemical description of selenium's role as selenocysteine (the 21st amino acid) in selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, an…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Supported by researchHigh confidence

The expert's mechanistic claim about selenium being incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine and playing roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis is consis…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

The most important selenoproteins include the glutathione peroxidase family — which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione — and thioredoxin reductase, which is central to cellular redox regulation.

Extracted claim

The glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using glutathione, and thioredoxin reductase is central to cellular redox regulation.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The expert's claim describes well-established biochemical mechanisms of selenoproteins—specifically glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides via glutathione, an…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The claim that selenium is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and T4-to-T3 conversion via deiodinase enzymes is a well-established biochemical mechanism, and several studies in the provided list i…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is also required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to the active T3 form by deiodinase enzymes.

Extracted claim

Selenium is required for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones, specifically the conversion of T4 to active T3 by deiodinase enzymes.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The claim that selenium is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and T4-to-T3 conversion via deiodinase enzymes is a well-established biochemical mechanism, and several studies in the provided litera…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Mechanism discussion

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine — sometimes called the 21st amino acid — and it's essential for a group of proteins called selenoproteins that play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Extracted claim

Selenium is a trace mineral incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine, sometimes called the 21st amino acid, and is essential for selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The expert's claim that selenium is incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine and is essential for selenoproteins involved in antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism is consistent with m…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

there's some other examples like selenium that bru has published and showed there are proteins that have a stronger binding to vitamin K1 that are important for coagulation so these are proteins in the liver um versus for example other proteins that stay in circulation and are activating proteins that are important for calcium signaling and trafficking

Extracted claim

There are selenium-dependent proteins that show differential binding affinity, with some having stronger binding to certain nutrients (like vitamin K1) for acute essential functions such as coagulation, versus other proteins important for calcium signaling.

Not yet assessedLow confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you need a lot of other minerals and vitamins with magnesium to make them work like B6 vitamin D selenium uh so you need those all to kind of work together as a team

Extracted claim

Selenium is one of several nutrients needed alongside magnesium for them to work properly together.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Mechanism discussion

you want to talk about a pandemic selenium selenium thyine um um and and you know to to help this this this outer ring deize in in the liver which is where two-thirds of it comes from and the balances in the gut and a little bit in the periphery but the point is that a nutrient deficiency can lead to a hormone deficiency that gets diagnosed as a as organ

Extracted claim

Selenium deficiency may be pandemic and selenium is needed to support the conversion (deiodination) of thyroid hormones, primarily in the liver, which can otherwise lead to a nutrient deficiency being diagnosed as a hormone or organ deficiency.

Not yet assessedMedium confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Caution / warning

people might be taking 10 different supplements and they like they say, they all might have selenium in them, correct? And then you're getting toxic doses of selenium 100%. And you don't know that cuz you're not adding it all up.

Extracted claim

Taking multiple supplements can result in toxic doses of selenium because people don't add up the total selenium content across all their products.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Caution / warning

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly examine or evaluate the practice of baseline blood or red blood cell selenium testing prior to supplementation. While the studies address selenium supplementat…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Caution / warning

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address the value of pre-supplementation blood or red blood cell selenium testing as a clinical practice. While several studies (e.g., PMIDs 37513551, 38374579…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Caution / warning

people might be taking 10 different supplements and they like they say, they all might have selenium in them, correct? And then you're getting toxic doses of selenium 100%. And you don't know that cuz you're not adding it all up.

Extracted claim

Taking multiple supplements that each contain selenium can result in toxic doses of selenium if you are not tracking the total amount across all products.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Caution / warning

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address the practice of baseline blood or red blood cell selenium testing prior to supplementation, nor do they evaluate the clinical utility of such testing i…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Caution / warning

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 10 provided studies directly address the practice of pre-supplementation selenium testing (blood or red blood cell) as a clinical strategy, nor do they provide data on the specific therape…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Caution / warning

people might be taking 10 different supplements and they like they say, they all might have selenium in them, correct? And then you're getting toxic doses of selenium 100%. And you don't know that cuz you're not adding it all up.

Extracted claim

Taking multiple supplements can result in toxic doses of selenium because people don't add up the total selenium content across all their products.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Caution / warning

people might be taking 10 different supplements and they like they say, they all might have selenium in them, correct? And then you're getting toxic doses of selenium 100%. And you don't know that cuz you're not adding it all up.

Extracted claim

Taking multiple supplements that each contain selenium can result in toxic doses of selenium if you are not tracking the total amount across all products.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Caution / warning

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given the narrow therapeutic window.

Extracted claim

Testing blood selenium or selenium via red blood cell testing before supplementing is worthwhile given selenium's narrow therapeutic window.

Partially supportedHigh confidence

The research literature consistently acknowledges selenium's narrow therapeutic window and dual nature as both essential and potentially toxic. The selenium nanoparticles review (PMID: 27356860) expli…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Passing mention

you would find all of the other Trace metal Boron zinc selenium manganese malum you find all of these that that're not the sort of headline minerals that most people think about

Extracted claim

Selenium is one of many trace minerals found naturally in running streams that are absent from most electrolyte supplements.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence
Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Passing mention

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium; just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based selenium intake unreliable.

1 to 2 Brazil nutsfoodper day📍 Can meet selenium requirements, but content varies by soil
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 published studies provided directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary selenium source, their selenium content variability, or whether one to two nuts per day meets selenium requirements.…

Rhonda Patrick
Rhonda Patrick
FoundMyFitness
Passing mention

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source — just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though the selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content. This makes food-based selenium intake unreliable.

Extracted claim

Brazil nuts are the most concentrated dietary source of selenium, and just one or two per day can meet selenium requirements, though selenium content varies dramatically based on soil selenium content, making food-based intake unreliable.

1 to 2 Brazil nutsfoodper day📍 One or two Brazil nuts per day can meet selenium requirements, but content varies by soil selenium levels.
Insufficient evidence to assessHigh confidence

None of the 20 published research papers provided directly address Brazil nuts as a dietary source of selenium, their selenium content variability, or whether one to two Brazil nuts can reliably meet…

Mark Hyman
Mark Hyman
Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Passing mention

you would find all of the other Trace metal Boron zinc selenium manganese malum you find all of these that that're not the sort of headline minerals that most people think about

Extracted claim

Selenium is one of many trace minerals found naturally in running streams that are absent from most electrolyte supplements.

Not yet assessedHigh confidence